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Space music, also called spacemusic, is an umbrella term also associated with preceding styles of relaxing music such as lounge music, easy-listening, and elevator music. According to Stephen Hill, co-founder of a radio show called ''Hearts of Space,'' the term is used to describe music that evokes a feeling of contemplative spaciousness.〔"In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, (''What is spacemusic?'' )〕〔"When you listen to space and ambient music you are connecting with a tradition of contemplative sound experience whose roots are ancient and diverse. The genre spans historical, ethnic, and contemporary styles. In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, (''What is spacemusic?'' )〕 Hill states that space music can range in character, the sonic texture of the music can be simple or complex, it can be instrumental or electronic, it may lack conventional melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic features, and may be less concerned with the formal compositional schemes associated with other styles of music.〔"A timeless experience...as ancient as the echoes of a simple bamboo flute or as contemporary as the latest ambient electronica. Any music with a generally slow pace and space-creating sound image can be called spacemusic. Generally quiet, consonant, ethereal, often without conventional rhythmic and dynamic contrasts, spacemusic is found within many historical, ethnic, and contemporary genres."Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, sidebar "What is Spacemusic?" in essay (''Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined'' )〕〔"The early innovators in electronic "space music" were mostly located around Berlin. The term has come to refer to music in the style of the early and mid-1970s works of Klaus Schulze, Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh and others in that scene. The music is characterized by long compositions, looping sequencer patterns, and improvised lead melody lines." - John Diliberto, ''Berlin School'', (''Echoes Radio on-line music glossary'' )〕 Hill proposes that space music can be found within a wide range of genres.〔 Some claim that music from the western classical, world, Celtic, traditional, experimental and other idioms also falls within the definition of space music.〔〔 Hill believes that space music can evoke a "continuum of spatial imagery and emotion,"〔"This music is experienced primarily as a continuum of spatial imagery and emotion, rather than as thematic musical relationships, compositional ideas, or performance values." Essay by Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, (''New Age Music Made Simple'' )〕 which can be beneficial for introspection, and for developing, through a practice of ''deep listening'', an awareness of the spatiality of sound phenomenon.〔"Innerspace, Meditative, and Transcendental... This music promotes a psychological movement inward." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled (''New Age Music Made Simple'' )〕 This type of psychonautic listening can produce a subtle trance-like state in certain individuals which can in turn lead to sensations of flying, floating, cruising, gliding, or hovering.〔"...Spacemusic ... conjures up either outer "space" or "inner space" " - Lloyd Barde, founder of Backroads Music (''Notes on Ambient Music,'' Hyperreal Music Archive )〕〔"Space And Travel Music: Celestial, Cosmic, & Terrestrial... This New Age sub-category has the effect of outward psychological expansion. Celestial or cosmic music removes listeners from their ordinary acoustical surroundings by creating stereo sound images of vast, virtually dimensionless spatial environments. In a word — spacey. Rhythmic or tonal movements animate the experience of flying, floating, cruising, gliding, or hovering within the auditory space."Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, in an essay titled (''New Age Music Made Simple'' )〕 Hill states that space music is used by some individuals for both background enhancement and foreground listening, often with headphones, to enable states of relaxation, contemplation, inspiration, and generally peaceful expansive moods; it may promote health through relaxation, atmospherics for bodywork therapies, and effectiveness of meditation.〔"Restorative powers are often claimed for it, and at its best it can create an effective environment to balance some of the stress, noise, and complexity of everyday life." -- Stephen Hill, Founder, Music from the Hearts of Space (''What is Spacemusic?'' )〕 Space music appears in many film soundtracks and is commonly played in planetariums.〔"This was the soundtrack for countless planetarium shows, on massage tables, and as soundtracks to many videos and movies."- Lloyd Barde (''Notes on Ambient Music,'' Hyperreal Music Archive )〕 According to Hill space music is an eclectic music produced almost exclusively by independent labels and it occupies a small niche in the marketplace, supported and enjoyed by a relatively small audience of loyal enthusiastic listeners.〔"Like most people in the independent side of the music business, we inhabited what are called the niche genres.... All niche music regardless of style or content has one thing in common: it's all something that relatively small numbers of people really, truly, love." Stephen Hill, (''Powered By Love: Niche Music in the New Millennium'' ), feature article in ''Ambient Visions Magazine'', 2002〕 == Definitions == Musicologist Joseph Lanza relates space music to prior generations of relaxing or environmental music, with a twist, writing, "Space music is easy-listening with amnesia, sounding like the future but retaining unconscious ties to elevator music of the past."〔 Allmusic defines space music as a subgenre of New Age music.〔(Allmusic New Age music page ) - includes space music as subgenre of New Age music.; (Allmusic Space music page - subgenre of New Age music ); (Allmusic Electronica music page ) - does not list space music as a subgenre; (Allmusic Ambient music page ) - does not list space music as a subgenre.〕 Similarly, mainstream retailer Barnes & Noble, independent online music retailer CDBaby, and RealNetwork's music download service Rhapsody all classify space music as a subgenre of New Age music.〔Barnes & Noble website - Space music is not listed on the (main music genres page ). Space music is listed as a subgenre of New Age music on the (New Age music genre page ), as is Ambient music. Ambient also appears as a subgenre on the ( Dance & DJ genre page ), along with Electronic music.〕〔Space music is listed on the Rhapsody Music Service (New Age music genre page ) as a subgenre of New Age. Space music is not listed on Rhapsody (electronica/dance genre page ) or Rhapsody (Ambient music subgenre page ).〕〔CD Baby - Space music is listed as a subgenre of New Age music. Both Electronic music and New Age music list Ambient as a subgenre. (Electronic genre page ), (New Age genre page ).〕 Rhapsody's editorial staff writes in their music genre description for space music (listed as a subgenre of New Age music) that "New Age composers have looked upward for inspiration, creating an abstract notion of the sounds of interstellar music."〔"Although there is no sound in the vacuum of space, many New Age composers have looked upward for inspiration, creating an abstract notion of the sounds of interstellar music. Space indicates not only a style of composition, but also a certain cosmic consciousness.... Artists like...Space music pioneer Michael Stearns try to evoke peace and unity with their spacescapes, creating compositions that are tranquil, hypnotic and moving." (Rhapsody online music service - definition of Space Music on New Age music subgenre page )〕 Stephen Hill, co-founder of "Music from the Hearts of Space" (syndicated nationally in the USA on National Public Radio and XM Satellite Radio), uses the phrase "contemplative music, broadly defined" as an overview to describe the music played on his station, along with the term "spacemusic".〔"The program has defined its own niche — a mix of ambient, electronic, world, new age, classical and experimental music....Slow-paced, space-creating music from many cultures — ancient bell meditations, classical adagios, creative space jazz, and the latest electronic and acoustic ambient music are woven into a seamless sequence unified by sound, emotion, and spatial imagery." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled (''Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined'' )〕 He states that the "genre spans historical, ethnic, and contemporary styles",〔 and that it combines elements from many cultures and genres, blended with varieties of acoustic and electronic ambient music, "woven into a seamless sequence unified by sound, emotion, and spatial imagery."〔 In his essay ''New age Music made Simple'', and in introducing the 200th broadcast of the "Hearts of Space" radio program, Hill has referred to space music as a sub-category of new-age.〔 Hill's partner Anna Turner (co-host and original co-producer of "Music from the Hearts of Space") wrote in her 1989 essay entitled "Space Music", that "New Age Space music carries visions in its notes; it is transcendent inner and outer space music that opens, allows and creates space... this music speaks to our present moment, to the great allegory of moving out beyond our boundaries into space, and reflexively, to the unprecedented adventures of the psyche that await within."〔"New Age Space music carries visions in its notes; it is transcendent inner and outer space music that opens, allows and creates space... Space music moves; the balance between the rhythm track and melody line determines a great deal of the imagery, altitude, and impact of a particular piece... At its best and most essential, this music speaks to our present moment, to the great allegory of moving out beyond our boundaries into space, and reflexively, to the unprecedented adventures of the psyche that await within." Anna Turner, "Space Music", in ''The New Age Music Guide: Profiles and Recordings of 500 Top New Age Musicians'', edited by Patti Jean Birosik, p. 134 (New York: Collier Books; London: Collier MacMillan Publishing Company, 1989).〕 Gerardo "Pkx" Martinez-Casas, original host, producer and creator of KUSF's 90.3 FM, University of San Francisco in California, "Moondance (The Beyond Within)" 1981– 198?, described space music as electronic, environmental and spiritual fine art fashion cosmic sounds as an aid and tool for cultural, contemplative, meditative, social and spiritual awareness.〔"In the archives of KUSF 90.3 FM http://www.kusf.org/ University of San Francisco, California" "Archives meaning that if you email them with the name of the person, show and date they will confirm"〕 In her book ''The New Age Music Guide'', author, editor and music critic P. J. Birosik classifies space music as a subgenre of New Age music,〔"Currently no less than fourteen separate subgenres are being called New Age music. These include New Age East/West, Electronic/Computer, Environmental/Nature, Folk, Jazz/Fusion, Meditation, Native American/Indigenous, New Age Pop, New Age Progressive, Solo Instrumental, Sound Health, Space Music, Traditional. New Age, Vocal, and World Music." P. J. Birosik, "Preface", in ''The New Age Music Guide'', edited by P. J. Birosik, p. vii (New York: Collier Books; London: Collier Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989).〕 as does Dallas Smith, writer, teacher and recording artist in his essay ''New Age Jazz/Fusion''.〔"New Age Jazz/Fusion is distinguished from other New Age subgenres, especially space music, by its rhythm and identifiable melodies." Dallas Smith, ''New Age Jazz/Fusion'', page 46, ''The New Age Music Guide: Profiles and Recordings of 500 Top New Age Musicians'', edited by Patti Jean Birosik, p. 46 (New York: Collier Books; London: Collier MacMillan Publishing Company, 1989).〕 Steven Halpern, noted recording artist and workshop leader writes that space music has been considered a synonym for New Age music: " 'Space' is a vital dimension of New Age music; so much so that one of the early appellations for the genre was simply 'space music', referring both to its texture and to the state that it tended to evoke in the listener."〔" 'Space' is a vital dimension of New Age music; so much so that one of the early appellations for the genre was simply "space music," referring both to its texture and to the state that it tended to evoke in the listener. By "Space" we mean the elecrto-acoustic enhancement of instrumental tones, through reverb and echo; in New Age music such enhancement is not simply a "special effect", but rather an integral part of the music itself." Steven Halpern, ''Notes on New Age Music'', in ''The New Age Music Guide: Profiles and Recordings of 500 Top New Age Musicians'', edited by Patti Jean Birosik, p. xix (New York: Collier Books; London: Collier MacMillan Publishing Company, 1989).〕 John Diliberto, the host of the radio show, Echoes, and creater of WXPN's Star's End, has stated that space music is related to electronic music,〔 as has Bay Area musician, composer and sound designer Robert Rich, who considers space music to be a combination of Electronic music influences from the 1970s with world music and "modern compositional methods".〔"I got into space music in the '70s as a teenager and I wanted to play with those clichés again—the cyclic, repetitive structures of '70s electronic music—but steer away from the formula by using some of the compositional methods of Steve Reich and Terry Riley, for example. It's a combination of world music, modern compositional methods and '70s schlock." Robert Rich, quoted in (''Plugged in to the Joy of Ambient Music'', by j. poet ), ''San Francisco Chronicle'' (May 28, 2006).〕 Forest, host of Musical Starstreams refers to space music as a separate genre along with Ambient music, and others including dub, downtempo, trip hop, and acid jazz in the list of genres he calls "exotic electronica".〔"Ambient, spacemusic, dub, downtempo, trip hop, acid jazz...artists from all these categories." ''Waveform...Starstreams and beyond: Ambient Visions Talks with....Forest'', listing styles of music played on Musical Starstreams, from interview in (Ambient Visions Magazine, 2003 )〕 Similarly, WXPN Radio's Star's End, programming ambient music since 1976, on its website lists space music as a separate genre, along with Ambient, New Age, and others. Steve Sande, freelance writer for the San Francisco Chronicle considers space music to be "Anything but New Age," and writes that "spacemusic () also known as ambient, chill-out, mellow dub, down-tempo."〔"spacemusic, also known as ambient, chill-out, mellow dub, down-tempo ....Anything but New Age." Steve Sande, ''The sky's the Limit with Ambient Music'', (''San Francisco Chronicle'' (Sunday, January 11, 2004) ).〕 In the same article, he describes Stephen Hill's "Hearts of Space" spacemusic program as streaming ambient, electronic, world, New Age and classical music.〔"Hill's Hearts of Space Web site provides streaming access to an archive of hundreds of hours of spacemusic artfully blended into one-hour programs combining ambient, electronic, world, New Age and classical music." Steve Sande, ''The Sky's the Limit with Ambient Music'', (''San Francisco Chronicle'' (Sunday, January 11, 2004) ).〕 In contrast to this, according to author and National Endowment for the Arts researcher Judith H. Balfe, ''Billboard'' editor Jerry Wood describes space music as one of several "genres within the genre" of New Age music. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「space music」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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